sda - win7 pata ide
sdb - deb9 sata ide
эти этапы проходят спокойно
sudo mount /dev/sdb1 /mnt
sudo mount --bind /dev /mnt/dev
sudo mount --bind /proc /mnt/proc
sudo mount --bind /sys /mnt/sys
sudo chroot /mnt
grub-install /dev/sdb
на этом моменте
update-grub2
вылазит это
root@ubuntu:/home/ubuntu# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
fd0 2:0 1 4K 0 disk
loop0 7:0 0 1.3G 1 loop /rofs
sda 8:0 0 186.3G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 10.5G 0 part
├─sda2 8:2 0 1K 0 part
├─sda5 8:5 0 29.3G 0 part
├─sda6 8:6 0 48.8G 0 part
├─sda7 8:7 0 48.8G 0 part
└─sda8 8:8 0 48.8G 0 part
sdb 8:16 0 149.1G 0 disk
├─sdb1 8:17 0 70.3G 0 part
└─sdb2 8:18 0 4G 0 part [SWAP]
sdc 8:32 0 149.1G 0 disk
sdd 8:48 1 30G 0 disk
├─sdd1 8:49 1 30G 0 part /media/ubuntu/flash
├─sdd2 8:50 1 31.5K 0 part
└─sdd4 8:52 1 1.4G 0 part /cdrom
root@ubuntu:/home/ubuntu# sudo mount /dev/sdb1 /mnt
root@ubuntu:/home/ubuntu# sudo mount --bind /dev /mnt/dev
root@ubuntu:/home/ubuntu# sudo mount --bind /proc /mnt/proc
root@ubuntu:/home/ubuntu# sudo mount --bind /sys /mnt/sys
root@ubuntu:/home/ubuntu# sudo chroot /mnt
root@ubuntu:/# grub-install /dev/sdb
Installing for i386-pc platform.
Installation finished. No error reported.
root@ubuntu:/# update-grub2
Generating grub configuration file ...
Found background image: /usr/share/images/desktop-base/desktop-grub.png
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-4.9.0-6-amd64
Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-4.9.0-6-amd64
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-4.9.0-5-amd64
Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-4.9.0-5-amd64
logger: socket /dev/log: Connection refused
logger: socket /dev/log: Connection refused
logger: socket /dev/log: Connection refused
logger: socket /dev/log: Connection refused
logger: socket /dev/log: Connection refused
logger: socket /dev/log: Connection refused
logger: socket /dev/log: Connection refused
logger: socket /dev/log: Connection refused
logger: socket /dev/log: Connection refused
logger: socket /dev/log: Connection refused
logger: socket /dev/log: Connection refused
logger: socket /dev/log: Connection refused
logger: socket /dev/log: Connection refused
logger: socket /dev/log: Connection refused
logger: socket /dev/log: Connection refused
logger: socket /dev/log: Connection refused
done