... kernel: [  362.708910] init: mysql main process ended, respawning
... kernel: [  363.209725] init: mysql post-start process (9861) terminated with status 1
... kernel: [  365.348500] init: mysql main process (9918) terminated with status 7

... /etc/init.d/mysql[9680]: 0 processes alive and '/usr/bin/mysqladmin --defaults-file=/etc/mysql/debian.cnf ping' resulted in
... /etc/init.d/mysql[9680]: /etc/init.d/mysql: строка 75: /usr/bin/mysqladmin: Нет такого файла или каталога

# This file is intensionally empty to disable apparmor by default for newer
# versions of MariaDB, while providing seamless upgrade from older versions
# and from mysql, where apparmor is used.
#
# By default, we do not want to have any apparmor profile for the MariaDB
# server. It does not provide much useful functionality/security, and causes
# several problems for users who often are not even aware that apparmor
# exists and runs on their system.
#
# Users can modify and maintain their own profile, and in this case it will
# be used.
#
# When upgrading from previous version, users who modified the profile
# will be promptet to keep or discard it, while for default installs
# we will automatically disable the profile.

# MariaDB database server configuration file.
#
# You can copy this file to one of:
# - "/etc/mysql/my.cnf" to set global options,
# - "~/.my.cnf" to set user-specific options.
# 
# One can use all long options that the program supports.
# Run program with --help to get a list of available options and with
# --print-defaults to see which it would actually understand and use.
#
# For explanations see
# http://dev.mysql.com/doc/mysql/en/server-system-variables.html

# This will be passed to all mysql clients
# It has been reported that passwords should be enclosed with ticks/quotes
# escpecially if they contain "#" chars...
# Remember to edit /etc/mysql/debian.cnf when changing the socket location.
[client]
port		= 3306
socket		= /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock

# Here is entries for some specific programs
# The following values assume you have at least 32M ram

# This was formally known as [safe_mysqld]. Both versions are currently parsed.
[mysqld_safe]
socket		= /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock
nice		= 0

[mysqld]
#
# * Basic Settings
#
user		= mysql
pid-file	= /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid
socket		= /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock
port		= 3306
basedir		= /usr
datadir		= /var/lib/mysql
tmpdir		= /tmp
lc_messages_dir	= /usr/share/mysql
lc_messages	= en_US
skip-external-locking
#
# Instead of skip-networking the default is now to listen only on
# localhost which is more compatible and is not less secure.
bind-address		= 127.0.0.1
#
# * Fine Tuning
#
max_connections		= 100
connect_timeout		= 5
wait_timeout		= 600
max_allowed_packet	= 16M
thread_cache_size       = 128
sort_buffer_size	= 4M
bulk_insert_buffer_size	= 16M
tmp_table_size		= 32M
max_heap_table_size	= 32M
#
# * MyISAM
#
# This replaces the startup script and checks MyISAM tables if needed
# the first time they are touched. On error, make copy and try a repair.
myisam_recover          = BACKUP
key_buffer_size		= 128M
#open-files-limit	= 2000
table_open_cache	= 400
myisam_sort_buffer_size	= 512M
concurrent_insert	= 2
read_buffer_size	= 2M
read_rnd_buffer_size	= 1M
#
# * Query Cache Configuration
#
# Cache only tiny result sets, so we can fit more in the query cache.
query_cache_limit		= 128K
query_cache_size		= 64M
# for more write intensive setups, set to DEMAND or OFF
#query_cache_type		= DEMAND
#
# * Logging and Replication
#
# Both location gets rotated by the cronjob.
# Be aware that this log type is a performance killer.
# As of 5.1 you can enable the log at runtime!
#general_log_file        = /var/log/mysql/mysql.log
#general_log             = 1
#
# Error logging goes to syslog due to /etc/mysql/conf.d/mysqld_safe_syslog.cnf.
#
# we do want to know about network errors and such
log_warnings		= 2
#
# Enable the slow query log to see queries with especially long duration
#slow_query_log[={0|1}]
slow_query_log_file	= /var/log/mysql/mariadb-slow.log
long_query_time = 10
#log_slow_rate_limit	= 1000
log_slow_verbosity	= query_plan

#log-queries-not-using-indexes
#log_slow_admin_statements
#
# The following can be used as easy to replay backup logs or for replication.
# note: if you are setting up a replication slave, see README.Debian about
#       other settings you may need to change.
#server-id		= 1
#report_host		= master1
#auto_increment_increment = 2
#auto_increment_offset	= 1
log_bin			= /var/log/mysql/mariadb-bin
log_bin_index		= /var/log/mysql/mariadb-bin.index
# not fab for performance, but safer
#sync_binlog		= 1
expire_logs_days	= 10
max_binlog_size         = 100M
# slaves
#relay_log		= /var/log/mysql/relay-bin
#relay_log_index	= /var/log/mysql/relay-bin.index
#relay_log_info_file	= /var/log/mysql/relay-bin.info
#log_slave_updates
#read_only
#
# If applications support it, this stricter sql_mode prevents some
# mistakes like inserting invalid dates etc.
#sql_mode		= NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,TRADITIONAL
#
# * InnoDB
#
# InnoDB is enabled by default with a 10MB datafile in /var/lib/mysql/.
# Read the manual for more InnoDB related options. There are many!
default_storage_engine	= InnoDB
# you can't just change log file size, requires special procedure
#innodb_log_file_size	= 50M
innodb_buffer_pool_size	= 256M
innodb_log_buffer_size	= 8M
innodb_file_per_table	= 1
innodb_open_files	= 400
innodb_io_capacity	= 400
innodb_flush_method	= O_DIRECT
#
# * Security Features
#
# Read the manual, too, if you want chroot!
# chroot = /var/lib/mysql/
#
# For generating SSL certificates I recommend the OpenSSL GUI "tinyca".
#
# ssl-ca=/etc/mysql/cacert.pem
# ssl-cert=/etc/mysql/server-cert.pem
# ssl-key=/etc/mysql/server-key.pem



[mysqldump]
quick
quote-names
max_allowed_packet	= 16M

[mysql]
#no-auto-rehash	# faster start of mysql but no tab completition

[isamchk]
key_buffer		= 16M

#
# * IMPORTANT: Additional settings that can override those from this file!
#   The files must end with '.cnf', otherwise they'll be ignored.
#
!includedir /etc/mysql/conf.d/

# bash completion for mysqladmin

have mysqladmin &&
_mysqladmin()
{
    local cur prev split=false

    COMPREPLY=()
    _get_comp_words_by_ref cur prev

    _split_longopt && split=true

    case $prev in
        -u|--user)
            COMPREPLY=( $( compgen -u -- "$cur" ) )
            return 0
            ;;
        -h|--host)
            _known_hosts_real "$cur"
            return 0
            ;;
        --character-sets-dir|--ssl-capath)
            _filedir -d
            return 0
            ;;
        -S|--socket)
            _filedir sock
            return 0
            ;;
        --defaults-file|--defaults-extra-file)
            _filedir
            return 0
            ;;
        -c|--count|--default-character-set|-P|--port|-O|--set-variable|\
        -i|--sleep|--ssl-ca|--ssl-cert|--ssl-cipher|--ssl-key|-w|--wait|\
        --connect_timeout|--shutdown_timeout)
            # Argument required but no completions available
            return 0
            ;;
        '-?'|--help|-V|--version)
            # All other options are noop with these
            return 0
            ;;
    esac

    $split && return 0

    COMPREPLY=( $( compgen -W '--count --debug-check --debug-info --force \
        --compress --character-sets-dir --default-character-set --help --host \
        --no-beep --password --port --protocol --relative --set-variable \
        --silent --socket --sleep --ssl --ssl-ca --ssl-capath --ssl-cert \
        --ssl-cipher --ssl-key --ssl-verify-server-cert --user --verbose \
        --version --vertical --wait --connect_timeout --shutdown_timeout \
        --print-defaults --no-defaults --defaults-file --defaults-extra-file' \
        -- "$cur" ) )

    COMPREPLY=( "${COMPREPLY[@]}" \
        $( compgen -W 'create debug drop extended-status flush-hosts \
        flush-logs flush-status flush-tables flush-threads flush-privileges \
        kill password old-password ping processlist reload refresh shutdown \
        status start-slave stop-slave variables version' -- "$cur" ) )
} &&
complete -F _mysqladmin mysqladmin

# Local variables:
# mode: shell-script
# sh-basic-offset: 4
# sh-indent-comment: t
# indent-tabs-mode: nil
# End:
# ex: ts=4 sw=4 et filetype=sh

:~$ sudo /etc/init.d/mysql restart
 * Stopping MariaDB database server mysqld                                                                             [ OK ] 
 * Starting MariaDB database server mysqld
                                                                             [fail]
:~$ /usr/sbin/mysqld
140103 13:48:01 [Warning] Can't create test file /var/lib/mysql/user.lower-test
140103 13:48:01 [Warning] Can't create test file /var/lib/mysql/user.lower-test
/usr/sbin/mysqld: Can't change dir to '/var/lib/mysql/' (Errcode: 13)
140103 13:48:01 [ERROR] Aborting

140103 13:48:01 [Note] /usr/sbin/mysqld: Shutdown complete

:~$ sudo /usr/sbin/mysqld
140103 13:52:23 [Warning] Using unique option prefix myisam_recover instead of myisam-recover-options is deprecated and will be removed in a future release. Please use the full name instead.
140103 13:52:23 [Warning] Using unique option prefix myisam_recover instead of myisam-recover-options is deprecated and will be removed in a future release. Please use the full name instead.
140103 13:52:23 [Note] Plugin 'FEDERATED' is disabled.
140103 13:52:23 InnoDB: The InnoDB memory heap is disabled
140103 13:52:23 InnoDB: Mutexes and rw_locks use GCC atomic builtins
140103 13:52:23 InnoDB: Compressed tables use zlib 1.2.3.4
140103 13:52:23 InnoDB: Initializing buffer pool, size = 256.0M
140103 13:52:23 InnoDB: Completed initialization of buffer pool
140103 13:52:23 InnoDB: highest supported file format is Barracuda.
140103 13:52:24  InnoDB: Waiting for the background threads to start
140103 13:52:25 InnoDB: 5.5.34 started; log sequence number 75131257
140103 13:52:25 [ERROR] /usr/sbin/mysqld: unknown variable 'log_slow_verbosity=query_plan'
140103 13:52:25 [ERROR] Aborting

140103 13:52:25  InnoDB: Starting shutdown...
140103 13:52:25  InnoDB: Shutdown completed; log sequence number 75131257
140103 13:52:25 [Note] /usr/sbin/mysqld: Shutdown complete

~$ mysql start
ERROR 2002 (HY000): Can't connect to local MySQL server through socket '/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock' (2)

akonadi-backend-mysql (версия 1.7.2-0ubuntu1)
dbconfig-common (версия 1.8.47)
emma (версия 0.6-4)
libdbd-mysql-perl (версия 4.020-1build2)
libdbi-perl (версия 1.616-1build2)
libmysqlclient18 (версия 5.5.34+maria-1~precise)
libqt4-sql-mysql (версия 4:4.8.1-0ubuntu4.5)
librdf0 (версия 1.0.14-1)
mariadb-common (версия 5.5.34+maria-1~precise)
mysql-client-core-5.5 (версия 5.5.34-0ubuntu0.12.04.1)
mysql-common (версия 5.5.34+maria-1~precise)
mysql-server-core-5.5 (версия 5.5.34-0ubuntu0.12.04.1)
php5-mysql (версия 5.3.10-1ubuntu3.9)
phpmyadmin (версия 4:3.4.10.1-1)
python-mysqldb (версия 1.2.3-1ubuntu0.1)
rsyslog (версия 5.8.6-1ubuntu8.6)
libmariadbclient18 (версия 5.5.34+maria-1~precise)