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file-nr and file-max
The kernel allocates file handles dynamically, but as yet
doesn't free them again.

The value in file-max denotes the maximum number of file handles
that the Linux kernel will allocate. When you get a lot of error
messages about running out of file handles, you might want to raise
this limit. The default value is 4096. To change it, just write the
new number into the file:

# cat /proc/sys/fs/file-max
4096
# echo 8192 > /proc/sys/fs/file-max
# cat /proc/sys/fs/file-max
8192

This method of revision is useful for all customizable parameters
of the kernel - simply echo the new value to the corresponding
file.

The three values in file-nr denote the number of allocated file
handles, the number of used file handles, and the maximum number of
file handles. When the allocated file handles come close to the
maximum, but the number of actually used ones is far behind, you've
encountered a peak in your usage of file handles and you don't need
to increase the maximum.

However, there is still a per process limit of open files, which
unfortunatly can't be changed that easily. It is set to 1024 by
default. To change this you have to edit the files limits.h and
fs.h in the directory /usr/src/linux/include/linux. Change the
definition of NR_OPEN and recompile the kernel.