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man passwd

/etc/pam.d/common-password?

minlen=n
Set a minimum password length of n characters. The default value is 6. The maximum for DES crypt-based passwords is 8 characters.

obscure
Enable some extra checks on password strength. These checks are based on the «obscure» checks in the original shadow package. The behavior is similar to the
pam_cracklib module, but for non-dictionary-based checks. The following checks are implemented:

Palindrome
Verifies that the new password is not a palindrome of (i.e., the reverse of) the previous one.

Case Change Only
Verifies that the new password isn't the same as the old one with a change of case.

Similar
Verifies that the new password isn't too much like the previous one.

Simple
Is the new password too simple? This is based on the length of the password and the number of different types of characters (alpha, numeric, etc.) used.

Rotated
Is the new password a rotated version of the old password? (E.g., «billy» and «illyb»)