g++ и ext4

Где именно компилируешь файл? В каком каталоге?

в любом каталоге

покажи dmesg|tail -n20

создай лучше ещё одну тему по выбору HDD

Ну, а что не понятного? g++ либо сам битый, либо хочет где-то битый файл. fsck тебе в руки и опосля переустановить гцц, да и с такими вопросам нужно дмесг прилеплять, там можно глянуть конкретней.

caramba% dmesg|tail -n20 [15990.436069] systemd-journald[157]: Failed to write entry (11 items, 290 bytes), ignoring: Read-only file system [15990.436077] systemd-journald[157]: Failed to write entry (8 items, 238 bytes), ignoring: Read-only file system [15990.436084] systemd-journald[157]: Failed to write entry (8 items, 254 bytes), ignoring: Read-only file system [15990.436090] systemd-journald[157]: Failed to write entry (8 items, 256 bytes), ignoring: Read-only file system [15990.436097] systemd-journald[157]: Failed to write entry (8 items, 220 bytes), ignoring: Read-only file system [15990.436141] systemd-journald[157]: Failed to write entry (11 items, 290 bytes), ignoring: Read-only file system [15990.436148] systemd-journald[157]: Failed to write entry (8 items, 217 bytes), ignoring: Read-only file system [15990.436192] systemd-journald[157]: Failed to write entry (11 items, 294 bytes), ignoring: Read-only file system [15990.436199] systemd-journald[157]: Failed to write entry (8 items, 259 bytes), ignoring: Read-only file system [15990.436206] systemd-journald[157]: Failed to write entry (8 items, 242 bytes), ignoring: Read-only file system [15990.436213] systemd-journald[157]: Failed to write entry (8 items, 249 bytes), ignoring: Read-only file system [15990.436220] systemd-journald[157]: Failed to write entry (8 items, 217 bytes), ignoring: Read-only file system [15990.436226] systemd-journald[157]: Failed to write entry (8 items, 234 bytes), ignoring: Read-only file system [15990.436233] systemd-journald[157]: Failed to write entry (8 items, 282 bytes), ignoring: Read-only file system [15990.436239] systemd-journald[157]: Failed to write entry (8 items, 247 bytes), ignoring: Read-only file system [15990.436247] systemd-journald[157]: Failed to write entry (8 items, 265 bytes), ignoring: Read-only file system [15990.436253] systemd-journald[157]: Failed to write entry (8 items, 224 bytes), ignoring: Read-only file system [16507.555382] virtuoso-t[769]: segfault at ffffffffffffffff ip 00000000007fb0fe sp 00007f33049dfe50 error 7 in virtuoso-t[400000+a1e000] [16507.558145] systemd-journald[157]: Failed to write entry (8 items, 322 bytes), ignoring: Read-only file system [16507.625989] systemd-journald[157]: Failed to write entry (26 items, 47481517 bytes), ignoring: Read-only file system