Инкрементальный бэкап

git add .
git commit
git pack
#repeat

git: «pack» не является командой git. Смотрите «git --help».

The most similar command is
        repack

#!/bin/bash
set -e

if [[ "$#" -ne 3 ]]; then
  echo "Usage: $0 snapshot_statefile backup.tar.gz source_directory/" >&2
  exit 1
fi

STATEFILE=`realpath "$1"`
ARCHIVE=`realpath "$2"`

pushd "$3" > /dev/null
trap 'popd > /dev/null' EXIT
NEWSTATE=`mktemp`
[[ -f "$STATEFILE" ]] && OLDSTATE="$STATEFILE" || OLDSTATE="/dev/null"
export LC_ALL=C
find . -printf "%p\0%y%l\0%s\0%T@\n" | sort > "$NEWSTATE"
set -o pipefail
comm -13 "$OLDSTATE" "$NEWSTATE" | awk -F'\0' '{print $1}' | tar --no-recursion -cvzpf "$ARCHIVE" -T -
cat "$NEWSTATE" > "$STATEFILE"
rm "$NEWSTATE"

#!/bin/bash

if [[ "$#" -ne 3 ]]; then
  echo "Usage: $0 snapshot_statefile backup.tar.gz source_directory" >&2
  exit 1
fi

declare -a EXCLUDES

STATEFILE=`realpath "$1"`
if [[ -f "$STATEFILE" ]]; then
	OLDSTATE="$STATEFILE"
	EXCLUDES+=($(stat -c '%t.%T/%i' "$OLDSTATE"))
else
	OLDSTATE="/dev/null"
fi

ARCHIVE=`realpath "$2"`

cd "$3" || exit 1

SORT_IN=`mktemp`
SORT_OUT="$SORT_IN.out"

make_state_line() {
	local attr_all=$(stat -c '%t.%T/%i %s|%Y|%F' "$1") attr type i

	attr=${attr_all%% *}
	for i in "${EXCLUDES[@]}"; do
		[[ $attr == $i ]] && return 1
	done
	attr_all=${attr_all#$attr }
	attr=${attr_all%|*}
	type=${attr_all#"$attr|"}
	if [[ $type == "symbolic link" ]]; then
		type=l
	else
		type=${type:0:1}
	fi
	printf "%q %s\n" "$1" "$attr|$type"
}

scan_a() {
	local p found

	[[ $2 -eq 1 ]] && EXCLUDES+=($(stat -c '%t.%T/%i' "$SORT_IN"))

	for p in "$1/"* "$1/."* ; do
		if [[ -d "$p" && ! -L "$p" ]]; then
			[[ "${p:0-2:2}" == /. || "${p:0-3:3}" == /.. ]] && continue
			scan_a "$p" 0 && found=1
		elif [[ -e "$p" ]]; then
			make_state_line "$p" && found=1
		fi
	done
	if [[ -z $found ]]; then
		make_state_line "$1"
		return 1
	fi
	return 0
}

scan_a "." 1 > "$SORT_IN"

sort "$SORT_IN" > "$SORT_OUT"

while IFS= read -r line; do
	eval "echo ${line% *}"
done > "$SORT_IN" < <(comm -13 "$SORT_OUT" "$OLDSTATE")

mv "$SORT_OUT" "$STATEFILE"
[[ -s $SORT_IN ]] && tar -cvzpf "$ARCHIVE" -T "$SORT_IN"
rm -f "$SORT_IN"

#!/bin/bash
set -e

if [[ "$#" -ne 3 ]]; then
  echo "Usage: $0 snapshot_statefile backup.tar.gz source_directory/" >&2
  exit 1
fi

STATEFILE=`realpath "$1"`
ARCHIVE=`realpath "$2"`

cd "$3"
NEWSTATE=`mktemp`
[[ -f "$STATEFILE" ]] && OLDSTATE="$STATEFILE" || OLDSTATE="/dev/null"
export LC_ALL=C
find . -printf "%p\0%y%l\0%m\0%U\0%G\0%s\0%T@\n" | sort > "$NEWSTATE"
awk -F'\0' 'NF != 7 {print "error:"; print; err = 1} END {exit err}' "$NEWSTATE"
set -o pipefail
comm -13 "$OLDSTATE" "$NEWSTATE" | awk -F'\0' '{print $1}' | tar --no-recursion -cvzpf "$ARCHIVE" -T -
cat "$NEWSTATE" > "$STATEFILE"
rm "$NEWSTATE"

# full
sudo dar -c /media/data/linux -R / -D -z -P media -P dev -P proc -P run -P sys -P tmp
# diff
sudo dar -c /media/data/linux_diff -R / -D -z -P media -P dev -P proc -P run -P sys -P tmp -A /media/data/linux

unset ASSOC_DIM['$key']

#!/bin/bash

declare -a EXCLUDE=("/proc" "/tmp" "/var/tmp" "/dev" "/sys" "/run")
declare -a OUT DIRS=(/)

STATEFILE=statefile.lst
ARCHIVE=$(date '+%Y%m%d_%H%M%S')
ARCHIVE_SUFFIX=".tar.gz"

usage() {
  echo "Usage: $0 [-s STATEFILE] [-e exclude] [-v] [DIRECTORIES...]"
  echo
  echo "    make a sequency archive with state file, compared changes:"
  echo "        modify time, size, mode, uid and gid"
  echo
  echo "    ARCHIVE is NUMBER_DATE_TIME$ARCHIVE_SUFFIX,"
  echo "        NUMBER is of max BACKUP_NUMBER+1 from statefile"
  echo "        DATE_TIME format see from current: $ARCHIVE"
  echo "    STATEFILE - snapshot state of previos backups, default '$STATEFILE'"
  echo "        format: filename BACKUP_NUMBER=MODE:UID.GID_SIZE|TIMESTAMP|type"
  echo "                type: [dryoehfbc] - directory, regular, symlink, socket,"
  echo "                      semaphore, shared, fifo, block, character"
  echo -n " excludes default: ARCHIVE STATEFILE DIRECTORIES"
  for a in "${EXCLUDE[@]}"; do
	echo -n " $a"
  done
  echo
  echo "    default DIRECTORIES is ${DIRS[@]}"
  echo "    -v - verbose"
  exit 2
} >&2

verbose=0
while getopts ":e:s:v" o; do
    case "$o" in
    e) EXCLUDE+=("$OPTARG") ;;
    s) STATEFILE="$OPTARG" ;;
    v) verbose=1 ;;
    *) usage;;
    esac
done
shift $((OPTIND-1))

if [[ $# -ne 0 ]]; then
	for i in ${!DIRS[@]}; do
		unset DIRS[$i]
	done
	for d in "$@"; do
		if [[ ! -d "$d" ]]; then
			echo "$0: '$d' is not directory" >&2
			usage
		fi
		DIRS+=("$d")
	done
fi

declare -A A_OLD

max_b=0
a_old_n=0
if [[ -f "$STATEFILE" ]]; then
	while IFS= read -r line; do
		f=${line% *}
		attr=${line#"$f "}
		if [[ $f == $line || $attr == $line || -n ${attr#?*=?*:?*.?*_?*|?*|?} ]]; then
			echo "$0: '$STATEFILE' have strange format, exiting" >&2
			exit 1
		fi
		A_OLD[$f]=$attr
		attr=${attr%=*}
		[[ $max_b -lt $attr ]] && max_b=$attr
		(((++a_old_n%1000)==0 && verbose)) && echo -n "$0: $STATEFILE $a_old_n lines loaded"$'\r'
	done < "$STATEFILE"
	((++max_b))
fi
[[ $verbose -ne 0 ]] && echo "$0: $STATEFILE $a_old_n lines loaded"
exec 9> "$STATEFILE"

i=0
while IFS= read -r line; do
	EXCLUDE[i++]=$line
done < <(stat '-c' '%d/%i' "${EXCLUDE[@]}" "$STATEFILE" "${DIRS[@]}")

all=0
new_files=0
changed_files=0
make_state_line() {
	local attr_all=$2 attr type f

	attr=${attr_all%|*}
	type=${attr_all#"$attr|"}
	if [[ ${type:0:1} == s ]]; then
		type=${type:1:1}
	else
		type=${type:0:1}
	fi
	printf -v f '%q' "$1"
	attr_all="$attr|$type"
	((all++))
	if [[ -n ${A_OLD[$f]} ]]; then
		((a_old_n--))
		if [[ $attr_all == ${A_OLD[$f]#*=} ]]; then
			echo "$f ${A_OLD[$f]}" >&9
			unset A_OLD['$f']
			return 0
		else
			unset A_OLD['$f']
			((changed_files++))
		fi
	else
		((new_files++))
	fi
	echo "$f $max_b=$attr_all" >&9
	OUT+=("$1")
}

scan_a() {
	local p a1=$1
	local -a FILES=("$1")

	tst_exclude_fill_state() {
		local attr_all attr i=0

		while read attr_all; do
			attr=${attr_all%=*}
			for a in "${EXCLUDE[@]}"; do
				if [[ $attr == $a ]]; then
					attr=
					break
				fi
			done
			if [[ -n $attr ]]; then
				if [[ ${attr_all} == ${attr_all%|directory} || ${FILES[i]} == $a1 ]]; then
					make_state_line "${FILES[i]}" "${attr_all#$attr=}"
				else
					DIRS+=("${FILES[i]}")
				fi

			fi
			((i++))
		done < <(stat '-c' '%d/%i=%a:%u.%g_%s|%Y|%F' "${FILES[@]}")
	}

	for p in "$1/"* "$1/."* ; do
		[[ -e "$p" ]] || continue
		[[ "${p:0-2:2}" == /. || "${p:0-3:3}" == /.. ]] && continue
		FILES+=("$p")
		if [[ ${#FILES[*]} -eq 250 ]]; then
			tst_exclude_fill_state
			FILES=()
			a1=
		fi
	done
	if [[ ${#FILES[*]} -ne 0 ]]; then
		tst_exclude_fill_state
	fi
}

while [[ ${#DIRS[*]} -ne 0 ]]; do
	for i in ${!DIRS[@]}; do
		[[ $verbose -ne 0 ]] && echo -n "${DIRS[i]} "
		scan_a "${DIRS[i]}"
		unset DIRS[$i]
		[[ $verbose -ne 0 ]] && echo "(S:$all N:$new_files C:$changed_files)"
	done
done

[[ $verbose -ne 0 ]] && echo Scaned=$all New_files=$new_files Changed_files=$changed_files Deleted_files=$a_old_n

for f in "${!A_OLD[@]}"; do
	echo "$f ${A_OLD[$f]}" >&9
	[[ $verbose -ne 0 ]] && echo "-$f"
done

if [[ -n ${OUT[0]} ]]; then
	for fq in "${OUT[@]}"; do
		printf '%s\0' "$fq"
	done | tar -cvzpf ""${max_b}_$ARCHIVE$ARCHIVE_SUFFIX"" --no-recursion --null -T -
fi