загрузка после установки нового ядра

взято с http://gentoo.ru/new/node/75

Все дело с вероятностью 99% вот в чем:
У тебя в .config
#
# ATA/ATAPI/MFM/RLL support
#
CONFIG_IDE=m

...а должно быть:

#
# ATA/ATAPI/MFM/RLL support
#
CONFIG_IDE=y

-- как раз мой случай

PANIC! - поставил это все в ядро:
CONFIG_IDE=y
# CONFIG_IDEDISK_MULTI_MODE is not set
# CONFIG_IDE_TASK_IOCTL is not set
CONFIG_IDE_TASKFILE_IO=y
CONFIG_IDE_GENERIC=y
CONFIG_IDEPCI_SHARE_IRQ=y
CONFIG_IDEDMA_PCI_AUTO=y
# CONFIG_IDEDMA_ONLYDISK is not set
# CONFIG_IDE_ARM is not set
# CONFIG_IDE_CHIPSETS is not set
# CONFIG_IDEDMA_IVB is not set
CONFIG_IDEDMA_AUTO=y

а при загрузке даже ошибка!!! SOS!

Ты конфиг сам от начала до конца сочинял?
У меня

# ATA/ATAPI/MFM/RLL support
#
CONFIG_IDE=y
CONFIG_BLK_DEV_IDE=y

#
# Please see Documentation/ide.txt for help/info on IDE drives
#
# CONFIG_BLK_DEV_IDE_SATA is not set
# CONFIG_BLK_DEV_HD_IDE is not set
CONFIG_BLK_DEV_IDEDISK=y
CONFIG_IDEDISK_MULTI_MODE=y
# CONFIG_BLK_DEV_IDECS is not set
CONFIG_BLK_DEV_IDECD=y
# CONFIG_BLK_DEV_IDETAPE is not set
# CONFIG_BLK_DEV_IDEFLOPPY is not set
# CONFIG_BLK_DEV_IDESCSI is not set
# CONFIG_IDE_TASK_IOCTL is not set

#
# IDE chipset support/bugfixes
#
CONFIG_IDE_GENERIC=y
# CONFIG_BLK_DEV_CMD640 is not set
# CONFIG_BLK_DEV_IDEPNP is not set
CONFIG_BLK_DEV_IDEPCI=y
# CONFIG_IDEPCI_SHARE_IRQ is not set
# CONFIG_BLK_DEV_OFFBOARD is not set
CONFIG_BLK_DEV_GENERIC=y
# CONFIG_BLK_DEV_OPTI621 is not set
# CONFIG_BLK_DEV_RZ1000 is not set
CONFIG_BLK_DEV_IDEDMA_PCI=y
# CONFIG_BLK_DEV_IDEDMA_FORCED is not set
CONFIG_IDEDMA_PCI_AUTO=y
# CONFIG_IDEDMA_ONLYDISK is not set
# CONFIG_BLK_DEV_AEC62XX is not set
CONFIG_BLK_DEV_ALI15X3=y
# CONFIG_WDC_ALI15X3 is not set
# CONFIG_BLK_DEV_AMD74XX is not set
# CONFIG_BLK_DEV_ATIIXP is not set
# CONFIG_BLK_DEV_CMD64X is not set
# CONFIG_BLK_DEV_TRIFLEX is not set
# CONFIG_BLK_DEV_CY82C693 is not set
# CONFIG_BLK_DEV_CS5520 is not set
# CONFIG_BLK_DEV_CS5530 is not set
# CONFIG_BLK_DEV_HPT34X is not set
# CONFIG_BLK_DEV_HPT366 is not set
# CONFIG_BLK_DEV_SC1200 is not set
# CONFIG_BLK_DEV_PIIX is not set
# CONFIG_BLK_DEV_NS87415 is not set
# CONFIG_BLK_DEV_PDC202XX_OLD is not set
# CONFIG_BLK_DEV_PDC202XX_NEW is not set
# CONFIG_BLK_DEV_SVWKS is not set
# CONFIG_BLK_DEV_SIIMAGE is not set
# CONFIG_BLK_DEV_SIS5513 is not set
# CONFIG_BLK_DEV_SLC90E66 is not set
# CONFIG_BLK_DEV_TRM290 is not set
# CONFIG_BLK_DEV_VIA82CXXX is not set
# CONFIG_IDE_ARM is not set
CONFIG_BLK_DEV_IDEDMA=y
# CONFIG_IDEDMA_IVB is not set
CONFIG_IDEDMA_AUTO=y
# CONFIG_BLK_DEV_HD is not set

Поставь y для своего чипсета.

а как можно посмотреть какой у меня чипсет?

>а как можно посмотреть какой у меня чипсет?

lspci

Ну, я смотрел в логах:

Apr 16 15:39:49 xxx kernel: ALI15X3: IDE controller at PCI slot 0000:00:10.0
Apr 16 15:39:49 xxx kernel: ALI15X3: chipset revision 196

Попробуй смотреть в логи загрузки ядра дистрибутива. Или в винде.