Пожалуйста, подскажите, на каком конфиге QEMU можно запустить установку Debian ARM?

Качаешь этот образ (ниже объясню, почему netinst)

wget https://cdimage.debian.org/debian-cd/current/arm64/iso-cd/debian-10.0.0-arm64-netinst.iso -O buster_netinst.iso

Качаешь UEFI (без него ничего не заработает):

wget https://getfile.dokpub.com/yandex/get/https://yadi.sk/d/vqT394cWpy8yHg -O QEMU_EFI.fd

Закрываешь и запускаешь терминал и выполняешь:

qemu-system-aarch64 -M virt -m 2048 -cpu cortex-a53 -device VGA -device nec-usb-xhci -device usb-kbd -device usb-mouse -accel tcg -bios QEMU_EFI.fd -cdrom buster_netinst.iso

Но будет работать медленнее на 10-50% (в зависимости от железа), т.к нет kvm, а kvm-arm64 ты на x86_64 не запустишь, на настоящем ноуте ARM64/андроиде получится, соответственно нельзя указать несколько ядер CPU x86. Получится только инсталлятор запустить, а установить сам Debain скорее всего нет. Разные архитектуры, разные технологии, если вкратце.

# Chroot to Raspbian
---

# install dependecies

apt-get install qemu qemu-user-static binfmt-support

# download raspbian image
wget https://downloads.raspberrypi.org/raspbian_latest

# extract raspbian image
unzip raspbian_latest

# extend raspbian image by 1gb
dd if=/dev/zero bs=1M count=1024 >> 2016-05-27-raspbian-jessie.img

# set up image as loop device
losetup /dev/loop0 2016-05-27-raspbian-jessie.img

# check file system
e2fsck -f /dev/loop0p2

#expand partition
resize2fs /dev/loop0p2

# mount partition
mount -o rw /dev/loop0p2  /mnt
mount -o rw /dev/loop0p1 /mnt/boot

# mount binds
sudo mount --bind /dev /mnt/dev/
sudo mount --bind /sys /mnt/sys/
sudo mount --bind /proc /mnt/proc/
sudo mount --bind /dev/pts /mnt/dev/pts

# ld.so.preload fix
sed -i 's/^/#/g' /mnt/etc/ld.so.preload

# copy qemu binary
cp /usr/bin/qemu-arm-static /mnt/usr/bin/

# chroot to raspbian
chroot --userspec root /mnt /bin/sh

#export $PATH:
export PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/bin/site_perl:/usr/bin/vendor_perl:/usr/bin/core_perl:/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin:/sbin

# do stuff...

exit

# revert ld.so.preload fix
sed -i 's/^#//g' /mnt/etc/ld.so.preload

# unmount everything
umount /mnt/{dev/pts,dev,sys,proc,boot,}

# unmount loop device
losetup -d /dev/loop0
sudo mount /dev/sdd2 /mnt 
sudo mount /dev/sdd1 /mnt/boot

/usr/bin/qemu-system-arm \
    -monitor stdio \
    -M versatilepb \
    -k en-us \
    -machine accel=tcg \
    -m 256 \
    -cdrom /download/debian-10.0.0-arm64-netinst.iso \
    -net nic,vlan=0 \
    -net user,vlan=0 \
    -kernel /mnt/d1/initrd.img-5.2.9-gnu \
    -initrd /mnt/d1/initrd.img-5.2.9-gnu \
    -append root=LABEL=XXX verbose net.ifnames=0  ro  quiet  framebuffer=false ipv6.disable=1 selinux=0 \
    -rtc base=utc \
    -name "Debian_ARM32" \
    -drive format=raw,file=/dev/zvol/XXX/arm32/debian_vol,aio=native,cache.direct=on

$ cp /usr/share/AAVMF/AAVMF_VARS.fd .

$ qemu-img create -f qcow2 buster.qcow2 16G

$ qemu-system-aarch64 \
  -machine virt -cpu cortex-a53 -m 1024 \
  -nographic -serial stdio -monitor none \
  -nic user,model=virtio \
  -drive if=pflash,format=raw,readonly,file=/usr/share/AAVMF/AAVMF_CODE.fd \
  -drive if=pflash,format=raw,file=AAVMF_VARS.fd \
  -drive if=virtio,file=buster.qcow2 \
  -drive if=virtio,format=raw,readonly,media=cdrom,file=debian-10.0.0-arm64-netinst.iso

Bin=qemu-system-aarch64;

SoC=" -machine virt -cpu cortex-a53 -m 1024 ";

#  -nographic -monitor none

EFI=" -drive if=pflash,format=raw,readonly,file=/download/27debian_arm/efi/2/AAVMF_CODE.fd -drive if=pflash,format=raw,file=/download/27debian_arm/efi/2/AAVMF_VARS.fd ";
  
Periphery=" -serial stdio ";
# -nic user,model=virtio ";

Disks=" -drive if=virtio,file=/download/27debian_arm/buster.qcow2 ";

BusterISO=" -drive if=virtio,format=raw,readonly,media=cdrom,file=/download/27debian_arm/debian-10.0.0-arm64-netinst.iso ";

BusterTest="$Bin $SoC $EFI $Periphery $Disks $BusterISO";

$BusterTest;

 
ImageDir="/download/27debian_arm";
#EFIDir="$ImageDir/efi/2";
EFIDir="/usr/share/AAVMF";
#ISODir=$ImageDir;
ISOFile="/download/large2/debian_arm/debian-10.0.0-armhf-DVD-1.iso";

Bin=qemu-system-aarch64;
#Bin=qemu-system-arm;

SoC=" -machine virt -cpu cortex-a53 -m 1024 ";

#  -nographic -monitor none

EFI=" -drive if=pflash,format=raw,readonly,file=$EFIDir/AAVMF_CODE.fd -drive if=pflash,format=raw,file=$EFIDir/AAVMF_VARS.fd ";
  
Periphery=" -serial stdio -nic user,model=virtio,id=r1h1 -device virtio-net-pci,romfile=,netdev=r1h1,id=r1h2,mac=00:01:00:ff:66:01 ";

Disks=" -drive if=virtio,file=$ImageDir/buster.qcow2 ";

BusterISO=" -drive if=virtio,format=raw,readonly,media=cdrom,file=$ISOFile ";

BusterTest="$Bin $SoC $EFI $Periphery $Disks $BusterISO";

$BusterTest;

qemu-system-arm \
  -machine virt -m 1024 \
  -nographic -serial stdio -monitor none \
  -nic user,model=virtio \
  -drive if=pflash,format=raw,readonly,file=/usr/share/AAVMF/AAVMF32_CODE.fd \
  -drive if=pflash,format=raw,file=AAVMF32_VARS.fd \
  -drive if=virtio,file=buster.qcow2 \
  -drive if=virtio,format=raw,readonly,media=cdrom,file=debian-10.0.0-armhf-netinst.iso

[!!] Detect and mount CD-ROM ├───────────────────┐     
    │                                                                     │     
    │ There was a problem reading data from the removable media. Please   │     
    │ make sure that the right media is present. If you continue to have  │     
    │ trouble, your removable media might be bad.                         │     
    │                                                                     │     
    │ Cannot read removable media, or no drivers found.                   │     
    │                             <Continue>    

 ┌───────────────────┤ [!!] Detect and mount CD-ROM ├────────────────────┐    
   │                                                                       │    
   │ No common CD-ROM drive was detected.                                  │    
   │                                                                       │    
   │ You may need to load additional CD-ROM drivers from removable media,  │    
   │ such as a driver floppy. If you have such media available now, insert │    
   │ it, and continue. Otherwise, you will be given the option to manually │    
   │ select CD-ROM modules.                                                │    
   │                                                                       │    
   │ Load CD-ROM drivers from removable media?                             │    
   │                                                                       │    
   │     <Yes>                                                    <No> 

┌───────────────────┤ [!!] Detect and mount CD-ROM ├────────────────────┐    
   │                                                                       │    
   │ In order to access your CD-ROM drive, please enter the device file    │    
   │ that should be used. Non-standard CD-ROM drives use non-standard      │    
   │ device files (such as /dev/mcdx).                                     │    
   │                                                                       │    
   │ You may switch to the shell on the second terminal (ALT+F2) to check  │    
   │ the available devices in /dev with "ls /dev". You can return to this  │    
   │ screen by pressing ALT+F1.                                            │    
   │                                                                       │    
   │ Device file for accessing the CD-ROM:                                 │    
   │                                                                       │    
   │ /dev/cdrom___________________________________________________________ │    
   │                                                                       │    
   │                              <Continue>                               │    
   │